If you suffer from arthritis pain and joint aches, here’s what you should know

Arthritis is a term used to describe over 100 different conditions that affect the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. The most common types include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. Osteoarthritis is often referred to as ‘wear and tear’ arthritis, as it results from the breakdown of cartilage in the joints over time. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the joints, leading to inflammation. Psoriatic arthritis is associated with the skin condition psoriasis and also involves joint inflammation. Understanding the type of arthritis you have is crucial for effective management and treatment.

The causes of arthritis pain vary depending on the type of arthritis. Osteoarthritis pain is primarily due to the degeneration of cartilage, which leads to bones rubbing against each other. In rheumatoid arthritis, the pain is caused by inflammation in the joint lining. Genetic factors, age, previous joint injuries, and obesity are common risk factors that can contribute to the development of arthritis. Environmental factors, such as smoking and certain infections, can also trigger or worsen arthritis symptoms.

Common symptoms of arthritis include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. These symptoms can vary in severity and may come and go. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs, and laboratory tests to check for markers of inflammation or specific antibodies. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing symptoms and preventing joint damage.

Conventional treatments for arthritis aim to reduce pain, improve joint function, and prevent further damage. These treatments may include medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Physical therapy and occupational therapy can help maintain joint flexibility and strength. In severe cases, surgical options such as joint replacement may be considered.

Lifestyle changes play a significant role in managing arthritis pain. Regular low-impact exercise, such as swimming or walking, can help maintain joint function and reduce stiffness. Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial, as excess weight puts additional stress on the joints. Stress management techniques, such as yoga or meditation, can also help reduce pain and improve overall well-being. It’s important to balance activity with rest to avoid overexertion.